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Why does the insulation of high-voltage motor windings age?
source:未知 time:2024-06-07 13:34nbsp; click:
Compared with low-voltage motors, the insulation structure of high-voltage motor windings is more complicated. Whether it is the selection of electromagnetic wire or the wrapping of insulation materials, they are very different from low-voltage motor windings. From the analysis of the motor's operating mechanism, the performance of winding insulation almost directly determines the life of the motor.
Electrical aging is one of the main factors for the aging of high-voltage motor winding insulation. The insulation between motor windings and between windings and conductors are all solid insulating materials. Electrical breakdown, thermal breakdown and discharge breakdown are common forms of winding insulation breakdown.
From the composition analysis of high-voltage motor windings, conductive wire → insulating material → air gap → iron core, together they form a multi-layer, multi-medium capacitor, especially the air gap formed during the coil wrapping process, and the gap between the coil and the iron core slot, the electric field strength is very high. When the field strength reaches a certain level, the air in the air gap will undergo ionization discharge, accelerating the aging of the insulating medium. The oxides produced by the discharge will produce substances that corrode the insulating medium when they encounter moisture, and over time, the insulating material is chemically broken down. For this reason, in the high-voltage motor coil processing technology, it is particularly required that the coil insulation wrapping is tight and smooth, the wire embedding process should try to reduce the gap between the coil and the iron core, and the air gap in the winding should be reduced or eliminated through the varnishing process.
Under the action of a strong electric field, the charged particles in the dielectric will collide and ionize due to violent operation, which is called electrical breakdown. Electrical breakdown is mainly caused by the uneven electric field strength. The end of the motor winding is the most uneven part of the electric field due to the special shape of the coil, so it is also the part that is prone to electrical breakdown and is the key to the quality control of the motor winding.
Insulating materials in an AC electric field will produce dielectric losses to varying degrees, and these losses are almost all manifested in the form of heat. In relatively weak insulation links, local high temperatures will occur, which will lead to local melting, burning and cracking. This problem is the degradation of insulation performance caused by heat, that is, thermal breakdown.
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