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Why does local discharge occur in high-voltage motor winding

source:未知   time:2024-08-12 09:37nbsp;  click:

The insulation treatment of stator winding is a difficult point in the manufacturing of high-voltage motors, including electromagnetic wire, winding outer insulation, high and low resistance belts, as well as specific links such as winding end binding, varnishing and drying. Partial discharge is a major factor threatening the reliability of the motor; therefore, the insulation structure and process control of the motor must have targeted preventive measures.

Partial discharges usually occur in the insulation structure of high-voltage motors, but the size, quantity and location of partial discharges depend on the motor design, materials, manufacturing process, quality, operating environment and aging condition. For a specific motor design, the characteristics of the insulation materials used, the manufacturing method, the operating conditions, etc. can greatly affect the number, location, characteristics, development trend and significance of partial discharges.


For a given motor, in most cases, different partial discharge sources can be identified and distinguished through partial discharge characteristics, and can also be verified through additional diagnostic tests and visual inspections. By finding the discharge source, avoidance measures can be taken better and systematic insulation specifications can be formed to ensure the reliable quality of the motor.
 
01
Basic principles of partial discharge
 
Usually, partial discharge occurs at locations where the dielectric properties of the insulating material are uneven. At these locations, the local electric field strength will be enhanced. Due to the excessive local electric field strength, local breakdown will occur. This local breakdown will not lead to the breakdown of the entire insulation structure. Usually, partial discharge requires a certain amount of gas space to develop, such as gas pores filled inside the insulator, adjacent to the conductor or the interface of the insulator. When an uneven local field strength exceeds its breakdown field strength, partial discharge occurs, resulting in several partial discharge pulses within one cycle of applied voltage.

In rotating electrical machines with mica insulation, there are inevitably many defects, such as pores in the insulation material and aged parts at the delamination of the winding insulation. Therefore, partial discharge sources of different intensities are measured superimposed. The amount of discharge delivered during the discharge is closely related to the inhomogeneity characteristics and the specific dielectric properties of the material.
 
The presence of significant partial discharges in electrical machines is usually a sign of insulation defects, such as manufacturing quality problems or deterioration in operation, and is not the direct cause of its failure. In addition, depending on the partial discharge source and its amplitude under specific conditions, it may turn into an important factor for local insulation aging. The time to failure is independent of the level of partial discharge, but is closely related to other factors, such as operating temperature, slot wedge condition, degree of contamination, etc.
 
Specific partial discharge measurements and analysis are used for quality control of new windings and winding components as well as for the early detection of insulation defects caused by thermal, electrical, environmental and mechanical stresses in operation, which can lead to insulation failure.
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