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What are sealed bearings, bearing seal types

source:未知   time:2024-10-29 13:37nbsp;  click:

Under no-load conditions, the maximum distance that the inner and outer raceways of the bearing can move is the bearing clearance. Radial movement is radial clearance, and axial movement is axial clearance. Being able to accurately grasp the clearance adjustment and preload process and correctly apply it during the assembly process is the guarantee of the quality of bearing assembly work. When assembling rolling bearings, the clearance range should be appropriate. If the clearance is too large, it will reduce the number of rolling elements that bear the load at the same time, increase the load borne by a single rolling element, greatly reduce the bearing capacity, thereby reducing the rotation accuracy of the bearing, increasing vibration and noise, and shortening the service life; if the clearance is too small, it will increase friction, cause the bearing to heat up, intensify wear, and even cause the bearing to bite during operation, which also shortens the service life. Therefore, the clearance size of rolling bearings must be strictly controlled and adjusted during assembly. 
1. Selection of rolling bearing clearance
Bearing clearance has a great influence on bearing life, temperature rise, noise, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to select a suitable clearance according to working conditions and performance requirements. The clearance of the bearing is divided into radial clearance and axial clearance, which respectively represent the displacement of one sleeve from one limit position to another limit position along the radial and axial directions while one sleeve is fixed. The radial clearance of the bearing includes the original clearance in the free state before the bearing is installed, the assembly clearance after the main shaft and the bearing seat are installed, and the working clearance formed under the load during operation. For ball bearings, the most suitable working clearance is close to zero; for roller bearings, a small amount of working clearance can be maintained. In components that require good support rigidity, the bearings should have a certain value of preload. This is the principle for determining the radial clearance of the bearing. In the national standard GB4604-93, the radial clearance of rolling bearings is divided into 5 groups, and the clearance values ​​are from small to large, among which group 0 is the standard clearance. Bearings working under special conditions such as high temperature, high speed, low noise, and low friction should use a larger radial clearance; for precision spindle bearings, a smaller radial clearance should be used. It should be noted that the working clearance of the bearing after installation is smaller than the original clearance before installation, because the bearing has to withstand a certain load rotation, as well as the elastic deformation caused by the bearing fit and load. [2] For radial thrust ball bearings and tapered roller bearings, which are usually mounted face-to-face or back-to-back, the internal clearance or preload is determined by the axial position of one of the bearing rings. Starting from a zero clearance condition, the specified clearance can be obtained by adjusting the thickness of the shim on the bearing outer ring or loosening or tightening the nut on the shaft. There is a fixed relationship between the axial clearance and radial clearance of this type of bearing, and it is sufficient to meet one of the values.
 
When selecting bearing clearance, the following aspects should also be considered:
 
1. Bearing working conditions, such as load, temperature, speed, etc.; 2. Requirements for bearing performance, such as rotation accuracy, friction torque, vibration and noise, etc.; 3. When the bearing is interference fit with the shaft and the housing hole, the bearing clearance is reduced; 4. When the bearing is working, the temperature difference between the inner and outer rings causes the bearing clearance to decrease; 5. Due to the different expansion coefficients of the shaft and housing materials, the bearing clearance decreases or increases; 6. Due to the large temperature difference between the inner and outer rings of the bearing, the deep groove ball bearing needs to bear a large axial load or improve the self-aligning performance, requiring an increase in the limit speed and a reduction in the bearing friction torque, etc.; 7. When the basic group cannot meet the use requirements, the auxiliary group clearance should be selected. The large clearance auxiliary group is suitable for interference fit between the bearing and the shaft and the housing hole, and the small clearance auxiliary group is suitable for occasions requiring higher rotation accuracy, strict control of the axial displacement of the housing hole, and reduction of vibration and noise.

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